Fig. 1

Increased IL-1β and IL-6 levels in COVID-19 patients’ plasma. a Violin plots showing IL-1β levels in subjects affected by non-COVID-19 pneumonia (controls, n = 9) vs COVID-19 patients (COVID-19, n = 53). b Violin plots showing IL-6 levels in controls (n = 9) vs COVID-19 patients (n = 37). c Violin plots showing IL-1β plasma levels in COVID-19 patients divided according to their outcome (alive n = 15; death n = 38). D Violin plots showing IL-6 plasma levels in COVID-19 patients divided according to their outcome (alive n = 11; death n = 17). E Bar graph showing IL-1β released after LPS + BzATP stimulation of PBMCs isolated from healthy subjects (controls, n = 5) and COVID-19 patients (COVID-19, n = 13). F Bar graph showing IL-6 released after LPS + BzATP stimulation of PBMCs isolated from healthy subjects (controls, n = 5) and COVID-19 patients (COVID-19, n = 13). ns = not significant, ** = p < 0,01, *** = p < 0,001, **** = p < 0,0001