Fig. 1
From: Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in inflammatory immune skin diseases
M1-type and M2-type macrophage polarization. Under the influence of IFN-γ and LPS, M0 macrophages polarize into M1-type, leading to the activation of an inflammatory response, elimination of pathogens, and the initiation of tissue damage through the release of pro-inflammatory molecules like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conversely, when exposed to IL-4 and IL-13, M0 macrophages shift towards M2-type, resulting in the suppression of inflammation, promotion of tissue repair, and facilitation of wound healing through the secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10 and TGF-β