Fig. 3

Activation of THP-1 monocytes exposed to the culture medium from SARS-CoV-2 spike expressing cells. Phagocytosis capacity of THP-1 cells was analyzed at different days by fluorometric assay from engulfed fluorescence tagged bioparticle (A) THP-1 cells were treated with IL-6, IL-1α, HMGB1, TNF-α; and (B) exposed to CM from spike expressing cells in the presence or absence of ST2825. C Phospho-MyD88 and phospho-ERK expression by Western blot analysis of THP-1 cells exposed to CM from spike expressing cells in the presence or absence of ST2825; and exogenous TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, and HMGB1 after incubation for two days. Expression level of actin in each lane from the same gel is shown for total protein load and comparison. D Monocyte activation was analyzed by flow cytometry for HLA-DR expression in THP-1 cells exposed to CM from virus spike expressing cells in the presence or absence of ST2825 for two days. The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation and ‘*’ represents analyses of data only showing statistical significance p < 0.05