Fig. 1

Effect of S. thermophilus lysate on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and migration of NHDF. A Growth curves of NHDF were analyzed as cell confluence percentage through IncuCyte® Live Cell Imager and monitored dynamically from 0 to 72 h. NHDF were starved for 24 h and then incubated until 3 days with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of S. thermophilus lysate (25, 50 or 100 µg/ml), in 0.5% FBS medium. Results relating to one representative out of three experiments performed in triplicate, are expressed as mean ± SD. B NHDF were treated for 48 h as reported in A and cell number was counted by trypan blue staining. The results, derived from three experiments performed in duplicate, are expressed as mean ± SEM. C Quantitative analysis of wound healing assay in NHDF treated as above in A. The wound closure was captured at 0, 24, and 48 h after scratch generation and expressed as the wound closure rate (% vs. relative T0) of scratched monolayers. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM of two independent experiments in duplicate. In each case, the comparative analysis of groups of data has been performed by the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (** P < 0.01, **** P < 0.0001 vs. CNTR; § P < 0.05, §§ P < 0.01, §§§ P < 0.001, §§§§ P < 0.0001 vs. TGF-β1). Representative images of cell confluence, cell number and NHDF monolayer re-epithelialization (the yellow dashed lines indicate wound edges at T0) are inserted in A, B and C respectively