Figure 1

LPS increases ER stress and ATF4 expression in mouse microvascular endothelial cells. A). Mouse retinal endothelial cells were treated with 31.25 ng/ml - 250 ng/ml of LPS for 24 h or treated with 250 ng/ml of LPS for 0–48 h. The levels of ATF4 were determined by western blot analysis and quantified by densitometry. B). Mouse retinal endothelial cells were treated with 250 ng/ml of LPS for 24 h, the levels of phosphorylated and total eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP were analyzed. C). Mouse brain endothelial cells were treated with 250 ng/ml of LPS at for 8 h. The levels of phosphorylated and total eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP were examined. D-E). Mouse retinal endothelial cells were treated with 250 ng/ml of LPS for 24 h. The mRNA levels of MCP-1 were determined by qPCR (D). The levels of MCP-1 in the medium were measured by ELISA (E). Results were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P <0.001 vs. control.