Figure 4

Cytokine expression in HGFs is under the regulation of signals downstream of TLR4. HGFs were cultured with inhibitors at the indicated concentrations with or without P. g LPS for 24 h. The supernatants were harvested and P. g LPS-induced cytokine levels were measured with ELISA to identify the contributions of IRAK4 (A), NF-κB (B), Erk (C), and JNK (D) to inflammatory cytokines production. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p <0.05, and **p <0.01 versus P. g LPS-treated no-activation controls.