|
Parameter
| |
6 weeks
| | |
16 weeks
| | |
26 weeks
| |
|---|
| |
HFC
|
Chow
|
fold change
|
HFC
|
Chow
|
fold change
|
HFC
|
Chow
|
fold change
|
|---|
|
Epididymal
| | | | | | | | | |
|
fat pad, %
|
5.6 (0.8)
|
2.8 (0.1)
|
2.0
|
2.6 (0.2)*
|
3.8 (0.3)
|
0.7
|
2.4 (0.3)**
|
4.2 (0.4)
|
0.6
|
|
Mesenteric
| | | | | | | | | |
|
fat pad, %
|
1.6 (0.1)*
|
0.9 (0.1)
|
1.8
|
2.1 (0.1)
|
1.6 (0.2)
|
1.3
|
1.9 (0.1)
|
1.9 (0.2)
|
1.0
|
|
Liver, %
|
3.6 (0.3)
|
3.7 (2)
|
1.0
|
7.3 (0.4)*
|
4.5 (0.4)
|
1.6
|
7.1 (0.4)*
|
4.6 (0.1)
|
1.5
|
|
ALT, U/ml
|
17 (2)
|
24 (3)
|
0.7
|
151 (24)*
|
31 (2)
|
4.9
|
76 (12)*
|
8 (1)
|
9.5
|
|
glucose, mmol/l
|
10.24 (0.25)
|
8.52 (0.25)
|
1.2
|
15.13 (0.54)
|
14.04 (0.46)
|
1.1
|
11.35 (0.28)
|
11.54 (0.34)
|
1.0
|
|
insulin, pmol/l
|
41.96 (2.81)*
|
28.85 (6.17)
|
1.5
|
436.49 (86.01)*
|
74.22 (9.97)
|
5.9
|
490.22 (55.19)*
|
278.26 (36.93)
|
1.8
|
|
HOMA
|
3.19 (0.24)*
|
1.92 (0.47)
|
1.7
|
47.83 (9.26)*
|
7.76 (1.14)
|
6.2
|
39.10 (3.35)*
|
24.12 (3.53)
|
1.6
|
|
adiponectin, μg/ml
|
6.7 (0.7)
|
6.0 (1)
|
1.1
|
12 (0.4)*
|
16 (0.8)
|
0.8
|
23 (3)
|
21 (2)
|
1.1
|
|
leptin, ng/ml
|
43 (10)*
|
0.5 (0.2)
|
86. 0
|
22 (6)*
|
4 (1)
|
5.5
|
46 (8)*
|
17 (3)
|
2.7
|
|
MCP-1, pg/ml
|
32 (2)*
|
26 (2)
|
1.2
|
36 (2)*
|
23 (2)
|
1.6
|
302 (26)*
|
134 (8)
|
2.3
|
|
IL-6, pg/ml
|
7 (1)
|
6 (1)
|
1.2
|
25 (6)*
|
12 (2)
|
2.1
|
33 (9)*
|
17 (5)
|
1.9
|
|
KC, pg/ml
|
32 (2)
|
21 (1)
|
1.5
|
67 (4)
|
44 (8)
|
1.5
|
98 (12)*
|
45 (4)
|
2.2
|
|
IL-10, pg/ml
|
15 (2)
|
27 (6)
|
0.6
|
124 (43)
|
47 (6)
|
2.6
|
45 (17)*
|
17 (6)
|
2.6
|
|
serum amyloid A
| | | | | | | | | |
|
μg/ml
|
1.1 (0.02)
|
0.5 (0.2)
|
2.2
|
1.6 (0.7)
|
0.81 (0.05)
|
2.0
|
1.85 (0.2)*
|
0.43 (0.06)
|
4.3
|
- Assessment was done at the termination point of 6, 16 or 26 weeks post-HFC initiation.
- Values are means (sem), n = 14-20 per group. * confidence interval = 95%; ** confidence interval = 99%.
- The fold change is calculated as the level in HFC group divided by the level obtained from the Chow group.
- The levels of GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-1β were below detection limit of the assays.
