Figure 2From: The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor modulates the expression of Salmonella typhimurium effector proteinsThe effects of AvrA deletion on effector expression. SipA mRNA expression in the indicated Salmonella strains was determined by PCR. The relative intensity of the PCR bands was analyzed. Control: Salmonella without treatment; TNF-α: Salmonella treated with TNF-α. The data are reported as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 was considered significant.Back to article page