Table 3 NF- κ B inhibitors from dietary/natural products

Root extracts of Celastrus Tripterygium wilfordii(Thunder god vine), and Celastrus orbiculatus, Celastrus regelii

A quinone methide triterpenoid

a) Blocks cytosolic I κ B α degradation and nuclear translocation of RelA.

b) Blocks IKK function and IKK β activity.

Green Tea, Cocoa, Grapes

Pentahydroxyflavane

a) Blocks constitutive NF- κ B activity by blocking p65 nuclear translocation.

b) Inhibits NF- κ B DNA-binding activity

Green Tea

Ester of epigallacatechin and gallic acid (a type of catechin)

a) Inhibits IKK activation, I κ B α degradation, and NF- κ B activation. In addition, EGCG inhibited phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF- κ B.

b) Prevents nuclear translocation of p65

Parsley, Thyme, Peppermint

Trihydroxyflavone

a) Blocks p65 phosphorylation by inhibiting IKK function

b) Suppress NF- κ B translocation to nucleus and inhibits I κ B α phosphorylation and degradation

Hops, Beer

Prenylated chalconoid

Inhibits NF- κ B through suppression of I κ B α phosphorylation

Soybeans, Fava beans

4,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone

a) Blocks activation of NF- κ B concomitant with degradation of I κ B α

b) Exerts its inhibitory effect on NF- κ B signaling through Akt pathway

Chilli pepper

8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide

a) Blocks I κ B- α degradation and nuclear translocation of p65 b) Inhibits NF- κ B activity by blocking I κ B- α degradation and phosphorylation

Produced by plants in the genus Boswellia

Pentacyclic triterpene

Inhibits constitutively activated NF- κ B signaling by inhibiting IKK activity

Aesculus hippocastanum (the horse chestnut).

Pentacyclic triterpene

Inhibits TNF-induced IKK activation, I κ B α phosphorylation and degradation

Isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil

Lipid soluble lignan

a) Blocks NF- κ B activation by blocking I κ B- α degradation and phosphorylation

b) Down regulates both constitutive and inducible NF- κ B activation. Suppress p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation

Celery, broccoli, green pepper, parsley, thyme

A polyphenol flavonoid [2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)- 5,7-dihydroxy-4-chromenone]

Inhibition of NF- κ B activity by accumulation of ROS

occurs naturally in the plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)

Sesquiterpene lactone

Inhibits of NF- κ B both indirectly by inhibiting IKK, and directly by modifying p65 at a key cysteine residue in its activation loop