Fig. 3

Effect of PM exposure on monocyte cytokine production. Human monocytes were treated with/without NIST or LAP for 4 h of culture. Concentration of TNF-α (a), IL-6 (b) and IL-8 (c) was analyzed in the culture supernatants by Cytokine bead array and flow cytometry analysis. As a positive control, monocytes were stimulated with 400 U/mL of human recombinant IFN-γ and 100 ng/mL of LPS from Salmonella abortus equi. Data are presented as median ± interquartile range from 5 independent experiments. Statistically significant differences were estimated at p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001, ns – not significant