Fig. 1

M. leprae and its lipid component PGL-1 alter the release of cytokines and chemokines from M1 polarized monocytes. CD14⁺ cells were polarized towards M1 phenotype (M1) or pre-exposed for 5 h to the following: a-b M. leprae (MOI 5:1, Lep5 or 20:1, Lep20), c PGL-1 (50 μg/mL) or cultured in medium alone (UN). Cell supernatants were collected at 48 h and cytokines/chemokines analyzed. Results are the mean ±  Sem: a-b 8 experiments (8 independent donors); and c 6 experiments (6 independent donors) performed in duplicate. A 2-tailed paired t-test was used for statistical analysis (*P ≤ 0.05, relative to M1 cells)