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  3. In sub-Saharan Africa poly-parasite infections are frequently observed in children, and with poly-parasitism modulating immune mechanisms, mediated by cytokines and chemokines, are required to prevent overwhel...

    Authors: Jana Hegewald, Richard G Gantin, Christian J Lechner, Xiangsheng Huang, Abram Agosssou, Yvon F Agbeko, Peter T Soboslay and Carsten Köhler

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2015 12:5

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  4. Plants from the genus Ocimum are used as folk medicine for treating various diseases including inflammatory and immune-related diseases. Numerous reports have suggested plant extracts and their constituents as po...

    Authors: Petrina Kapewangolo, Justin J Omolo, Ronel Bruwer, Pascaline Fonteh and Debra Meyer

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2015 12:4

    Content type: Research

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  5. To explore the upstream signal transduction mechanisms responsible for the imbalanced expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mucosa.

    Authors: Zhenlin Wang, Peng Li, Qiuhang Zhang, Haili Lv, Junqi Liu and Jinyuan Si

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2015 12:3

    Content type: Research

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  6. Adenosine is a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory molecule. Despite its promise, adenosine’s extremely short half-life in blood limits its clinical application. Here, we examined adenosin...

    Authors: Keizo Kohno, Emiko Ohashi, Osamu Sano, Hajime Kusano, Toshio Kunikata, Norie Arai, Toshiharu Hanaya, Toshio Kawata, Tomoyuki Nishimoto and Shigeharu Fukuda

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2015 12:2

    Content type: Research

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  7. Milk-derived bioactive peptides retain many biological properties and have therapeutic effects in cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Under inflammatory conditions the expression of endothelial c...

    Authors: Simone Marcone, Karen Haughton, Paul J Simpson, Orina Belton and Desmond J Fitzgerald

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2015 12:1

    Content type: Research

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  8. It has recently been found that both nuclear epithelial-expressed histone deacetylases Hdac1 and Hdac2 are important to insure intestinal homeostasis and control the mucosal inflammatory response in vivo. In addi...

    Authors: Alexis Gonneaud, Julie Moore Gagné, Naomie Turgeon and Claude Asselin

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:43

    Content type: Research

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  9. Red palm oil (RPO) and rooibos have been shown to exhibit cardioprotective properties. RPO is rich in essential fatty acids and fat soluble antioxidants while rooibos contains polyphenolic compounds with a uni...

    Authors: Emma Katengua-Thamahane, Jeanine L Marnewick, Olawale R Ajuwon, Novel N Chegou, Gergő Szűcs, Péter Ferdinandy, Tamás Csont, Csaba Csonka and Jacques Van Rooyen

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:41

    Content type: Research

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  10. Vocal fold fibroblast’s (VFF) strategic location in the lamina propria and their ability to respond to external stimuli by producing inflammatory molecules suggest their possible direct involvement in innate i...

    Authors: Suzanne N King, Craig M Berchtold and Susan L Thibeault

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:42

    Content type: Research

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  11. In human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), TLR4 recognises Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as LPS, and subsequently activates downstream signals that lead to the production of pro-inflammatory ...

    Authors: Yu-feng Xie, Rong Shu, Shao-yun Jiang, Zhong-chen Song, Qiu-man Guo, Jia-chen Dong and Zhi-kai Lin

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:38

    Content type: Research

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  13. Obesity is the world’s most important public health problem. Adipose tissue contributes significantly to increase pro-inflammatory mediators whose cascade begins with the union of TLR4 to its microbial ligands...

    Authors: Cesar Octavio De Loera-Rodriguez, Vidal Delgado-Rizo, Anabell Alvarado-Navarro, Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrian, Jorge E Segura-Ortega and Mary Fafutis-Morris

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:39

    Content type: Research

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  15. Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia. Neuroinflammation may play a role in mediating such enhanced damage. The objectives of this study were to examine the mRNA and protein levels...

    Authors: Li Jing, Jian-Gang Wang, Jian-Zhong Zhang, Cai-Xia Cao, Yue Chang, Jian-Da Dong, Feng-Ying Guo and P Andy Li

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:35

    Content type: Research

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  16. The response of the joint to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has not been fully characterized. In particular, the characterization of both catabolic factors, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin...

    Authors: Carla M Haslauer, Benedikt L Proffen, Victor M Johnson, Adele Hill and Martha M Murray

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:34

    Content type: Research

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  17. The aim of this study were to investigate whether selenium treatment attenuates lipid peroxidation and downregulates the NF-κB pathway in small intestinal mucosa and to examine whether the effect of selenium i...

    Authors: Yongsoo Kim, Dong Chil Kim, Eui-Sic Cho, Seung-O Ko, Woon Yong Kwon, Gil Joon Suh and Hyo-Keun Shin

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:36

    Content type: Research

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  18. Aspirin is one of the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is also a commonly used anti-platelet drug, which inhibits the formation of the platelet activator, thromboxane A2 (TxA2) ...

    Authors: Benjamin H Maskrey, Gordon F Rushworth, Matthew H Law, Andrew T Treweeke, Jun Wei, Stephen J Leslie, Ian L Megson and Phillip D Whitfield

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:33

    Content type: Research

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  19. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an immuno-reactive state where neutrophils are activated and accumulate in different tissues. Edema and tissue necrosis are the most common sequelae observed, predominantly in t...

    Authors: Mary Elizabeth Wilcox, Emmanuel Charbonney, Pablo Perez d’Empaire, Abhijit Duggal, Ruxandra Pinto, Ashkan Javid, Claudia Dos Santos, Gordon David Rubenfeld, Susan Sutherland, Wayne Conrad Liles and Michael Glogauer

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:32

    Content type: Research

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  20. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality is well established; howeve...

    Authors: Fenling Fan, Abby Galvin, Lu Fang, David Andrew White, Xiao-lei Moore, Miles Sparrow, Flavia Cicuttini and Anthony Michael Dart

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:29

    Content type: Research

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  22. Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R) can induce multiple organ failure which is associated with high mortality. The lung is an organ commonly affected by the HS/R. Acute lung injury is a major cause of d...

    Authors: Raymond LC Kao, Xuemei Xu, Anargyros Xenocostas, Neil Parry, Tina Mele, Claudio M Martin and Tao Rui

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:30

    Content type: Research

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  23. Human in vivo models of systemic inflammation are used to study the physiological mechanisms of inflammation and the effect of drugs and nutrition on the immune response. Although in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)...

    Authors: Marlous R Dillingh, Eveline P van Poelgeest, Karen E Malone, Elles M Kemper, Erik S G Stroes, Matthijs Moerland and Jacobus Burggraaf

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:28

    Content type: Research

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  24. This study tested the hypothesis that rosuvastatin reduces thrombus burden through inhibiting inflammation and suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in an inferior vena cava stenosis (IVCST)-induce...

    Authors: Kun-Chen Lin, Hung-I Lu, Yung-Lung Chen, Tzu-Hsien Tsai, Li-Teh Chang, Steve Leu, Shu-Yuan Hsu, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Han-Tan Chai, Hsueh-Wen Chang, Chia-Lo Chang, Hong-Hwa Chen and Hon-Kan Yip

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:27

    Content type: Research

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  25. Human gliomas pose significant morbidity and mortality to those afflicted by them, and currently there are no curative treatment modalities available for these highly invasive tumours.

    Authors: Mastura Monif, Terence J O’Brien, Kate J Drummond, Christopher A Reid, Simon V Liubinas and David A Williams

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:25

    Content type: Research

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  26. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a commonly used technique in cardiac surgery. CPB is however associated with a strong induction of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) which in conjunction with ische...

    Authors: Melanie Engels, Esra Bilgic, Antonio Pinto, Edwin Vasquez, Lena Wollschläger, Holger Steinbrenner, Kristine Kellermann, Payam Akhyari, Artur Lichtenberg and Udo Boeken

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:26

    Content type: Research

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  27. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) as a mechanism of host defense against infection and stress is the central mediator of inflammatory responses. A normal (acute) inflammatory response is activated on...

    Authors: Srabani Pal, Ashish Bhattacharjee, Asif Ali, Narayan C Mandal, Subhash C Mandal and Mahadeb Pal

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:23

    Content type: Review

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  28. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with the proven role of Th2 cells in its pathogenesis. The role and characteristic of different subsets of CD4+ cells is much less known.

    Authors: Adam Barczyk, Wladyslaw Pierzchala, Gaetano Caramori, Ryszard Wiaderkiewicz, Marcin Kaminski, Peter J Barnes and Ian M Adcock

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:22

    Content type: Research

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  29. Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare but known cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The role of inflammatory cytokines in the progression of ARDS in TB patients is unknown.

    Authors: Seyed Mohamad Reza Hashemian, Esmaeil Mortaz, Payam Tabarsi, Hamidreza Jamaati, Zohreh Maghsoomi, Adnan Khosravi, Johan Garssen, Mohamad Reza Masjedi, Ali Akbar Velayati, Gert Folkerts, Peter J Barnes and Ian M Adcock

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:21

    Content type: Research

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  30. Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation is hypothesized to contribute to inflammatory eye disease including uveitis, yet the distribution pattern of TLRs in human uveal tissues remains poorly described. The purpos...

    Authors: Kelly Mai, Jeanie JY Chui, Nick Di Girolamo, Peter J McCluskey and Denis Wakefield

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:20

    Content type: Research

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  31. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an intracellular chaperone protein with regulatory and cytoprotective functions. Hsp70 can also be found in the extracellular milieu, as a result of active secretion or passive...

    Authors: Eduardo Ferat-Osorio, Aldair Sánchez-Anaya, Mireille Gutiérrez-Mendoza, Ilka Boscó-Gárate, Isabel Wong-Baeza, Rodolfo Pastelin-Palacios, Gustavo Pedraza-Alva, Laura C Bonifaz, Pedro Cortés-Reynosa, Eduardo Pérez-Salazar, Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano, Constantino López-Macías, Yvonne Rosenstein and Armando Isibasi

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:19

    Content type: Research

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  32. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction that occurs secondary to infection in the body without overt central nervous system (CNS) infection. SAE is frequently encountered in criti...

    Authors: Qiyi Chen, Wenkui Yu, Jiangliang Shi, Juanhong Shen, Tao Gao, Juanjuan Zhang, Fengchan Xi, Jieshou Li and Ning Li

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:18

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and venous leg ulcers contribute to a considerable amount of mortality in the U.S. annually. The inability of these wounds to heal has now been ass...

    Authors: Amy Tankersley, Mark Barton Frank, Melissa Bebak and Robert Brennan

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:17

    Content type: Research

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  34. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and postconditioning (RpostC) have protective effects on ischemia and reperfusion injury. The effects have been reported to activate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and attenuate...

    Authors: Yun-Hee Kim, Dae-Wui Yoon, Je-Hyeong Kim, Jeoung-Hyuk Lee and Choon-Hak Lim

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:16

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, which has a high coincidence with fractures in elderly. Several studies showed positive effects of herbal bioactive subst...

    Authors: Helen Vester, Nina Holzer, Markus Neumaier, Schyschka Lilianna, Andreas K Nüssler and Claudine Seeliger

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:15

    Content type: Research

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  36. Conventional p38α inhibitors have limited efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, possibly because p38 blockade suppresses the counter-regulatory mechanisms that limit inflammation. In contrast, targeting the upstre...

    Authors: Deepa Hammaker, David L Boyle, Katharyn Topolewski and Gary S Firestein

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:14

    Content type: Short Report

    Published on:

  37. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) and their heterogeneous differentiation patterns have been studied extensively. The classical subtype of activated macrophage, M1, prom...

    Authors: Shanshan Gao, Lijun Wang, Weimin Liu, Yue Wu and Zuyi Yuan

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:13

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. Chemokine CX3CL1 possesses unique properties, including combined adhesive and chemotactic functions. Human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) show expression of CX3CL1 receptor (CX3CR1) and produce CX3CL1 in res...

    Authors: Dariusz Szukiewicz, Jan Kochanowski, Tarun Kumar Mittal, Michal Pyzlak, Grzegorz Szewczyk and Krzysztof Cendrowski

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:12

    Content type: Research

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  39. Sepsis is a prevalent condition in critically ill patients and may be associated with thiamine deficiency (TD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TD on inflammation, oxidative stress and cell...

    Authors: José Antenor Araújo de Andrade, Carlos Roberto Machado Gayer, Natália Pereira de Almeida Nogueira, Márcia Cristina Paes, Vera Lúcia Freire Cunha Bastos, Jayme da Cunha Bastos Neto, Sílvio Caetano Alves Jr, Raphael Molinaro Coelho, Mariana Gysele Amarante Teixeira da Cunha, Rachel Novaes Gomes, Márcia Barbosa Águila, Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda, Patrícia Torres Bozza and Sérgio da Cunha

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:11

    Content type: Research

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  40. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a chaperone that regulates activity of many client proteins responsible for cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, has been proposed as an important clinical and precli...

    Authors: Stefan Tukaj, Detlef Zillikens and Michael Kasperkiewicz

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:10

    Content type: Short Report

    Published on:

  41. We have previously reported the presence of novel subpopulations of pulmonary monocyte-like cells (PMLC) in the human lung; resident PMLC (rPMLC, HLA-DR+CD14++CD16+cells) and inducible PMLC (iPMLC, HLA-DR+CD14++C...

    Authors: Mairi Brittan, Laura C Barr, Niall Anderson, Andrew Conway Morris, Rodger Duffin, John A Marwick, Fiona Rossi, Shonna Johnson, Kev Dhaliwal, Nikhil Hirani, Adriano G Rossi and A John Simpson

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:9

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by inflammation, joint immobility, and pain. Non-pharmacologic agents modulating pro-inflammatory mediator expression offer considerable promise as safe and effective treat...

    Authors: Stacy L Ownby, Lowella V Fortuno, Angela Y Au, Mark W Grzanna, Ann M Rashmir-Raven and Carmelita G Frondoza

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:8

    Content type: Short Report

    Published on:

  43. Atherosclerosis is a complex disease involving different cell types, including macrophages that play a major role in the inflammatory events occurring in atherogenesis. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a sensitive ...

    Authors: Marielle Kaplan, Shadi Hamoud, Yevgeny Tendler, Edna Meilin, Aviva Lazarovitch, Samy Nitecki and Tony Hayek

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:7

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Emergence of multidrug resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), has limited the available options used to treat infections caused by this organism. The objective of this study was to compare the role of mo...

    Authors: Arnab Majhi, Kiran Kundu, Rana Adhikary, Madhubanti Banerjee, Sayantika Mahanti, Anirban Basu and Biswadev Bishayi

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:5

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Salivary histatins are bioactive peptides related to the innate immune system associated with antimicrobial activities. However, very little is known about the physiological and biological functions of histati...

    Authors: Yasuhiro Imamura and Pao-Li Wang

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:4

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  47. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognized as important contributors to the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response in the eye. This study investigated the precise expression patterns and functio...

    Authors: Nir Erdinest, Gal Aviel, Eli Moallem, Irene Anteby, Claudia Yahalom, Hadas Mechoulam, Haim Ovadia and Abraham Solomon

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:3

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an immune-inflammatory disease, characterized by acute phase response (APR) and immune activation. There has been increasing evidence showing that vitamin D deficiency/in...

    Authors: Alicja Grzanka, Edyta Machura, Bogdan Mazur, Maciej Misiolek, Jerzy Jochem, Jacek Kasperski and Alicja Kasperska-Zajac

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:2

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are a cell population of intense exploration for therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases. Secreted factors released by BMSCs are responsible for the resol...

    Authors: Jessica S Elman, Matthew Li, Fangjing Wang, Jeffrey M Gimble and Biju Parekkadan

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2014 11:1

    Content type: Short Report

    Published on:

  50. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invasive microbial infection, and AIM2 plays an important role in this process by sensing double-stranded DNA viruses. However, the role of AIM2 in regulati...

    Authors: Wenjun Du, Junhui Zhen, Zhaomin Zheng, Shumin Ma and Shijun Chen

    Citation: Journal of Inflammation 2013 10:37

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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