Fig. 1

β-FNA effects on LPS-induced behavioral deficits in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice (n = 11–12/group) were injected (i.p.) with saline (control), LPS (0.83 mg/kg), and LPS followed immediately by β-FNA treatment (50 mg/kg; i.p.; LPS + β-FNA), or LPS followed by β-FNA 10 h post-LPS (LPS + β-FNA 10 h). 24 h post-LPS, assessment of mice was conducted via A-C 10 min open-field test (OFT) and D 5 min elevated plus maze (EPM). Data are reported as mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of treatment (p < 0.0001) on distance moved in the OFT, but no significant effect of sex (p = 0.33) and no significant interaction of treatment and sex (p = 0.07). Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of sex (p < 0.01) on duration in the center but no main effect of treatment (p = 0.85) or interaction (p = 0.33). Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of sex (p < 0.01) on duration along the wall but no main effect of treatment (p = 0.84) or interaction (p = 0.31). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of sex (p < 0.03) and treatment (p < 0.01) on time in the open arms in the EPM, but no significant interaction (p = 0.52). Pairwise comparisons were assessed using a Fisher’s LSD test; * indicates p < 0.05 vs. saline group; # indicates p < 0.05 vs. LPS group. Δ indicates p < 0.05 vs. males LPS