Fig. 4

Bioinformatic functional network analysis of THP-1 macrophages treated with the pan-PAD inhibitor BB-Cl-amidine. Inhibiting PAD in proinflammatory macrophages was associated with the downregulation of proteins involved in the activation of NF-κβ signalling. A Enriched functional network generated by PINE (Protein Interaction Network Extractor) in THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS and BB-Cl compared to LPS-treated cells (M1 proinflammatory macrophages). Activated pathways are shown as orange central nodes and inhibited pathways are shown as blue central nodes, along with red (upregulated) or blue (downregulated) protein nodes. B The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was normalized to the protein level and measured by the Seahorse XF96 Mito Stress Test in THP-1 macrophages treated with LPS (M1 phenotype) or IL-4 (M2 phenotype) for 24 h in the presence of BB-Cl. Mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 compared to control; n = 5