Fig. 7

The kinetics of circulating proinflammatory mediator levels and their biodistribution in serum compartments. Compartmentalization values over time post-injury were based on calculation of freely circulating (FC), exosome membrane-associated (MA), and exosome encapsulated (EC) levels following blast (B), complex orthopaedic injury and ischemia reperfusion injury followed by hind limb amputation (COI + IRI + HLA), B + COI + 1 h delayed (d) HLA, and B + COI + IRI + dHLA. Panel-A depicts interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, IL-6, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) levels in serum compartments. Panel-B depicts IL-13, IL-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in serum compartments. Data are mean values ± SEM from n = 4-7 rats/timepoint. Baseline values are from age/weight matched naïve rats (n = 5-7)