Plate 1

Effect of treatments on adjuvant-induced arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were injected sub plantar with IFA or CFA in the right hind paw. Vehicle, dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg) or HFE treatment was administered 1 h before arthritis induction and daily thereafter until day 28 in the prophylactic model. In the therapeutic model, treatment was from day 14–28. (A) IFA/non-arthritic control; (B) CFA/arthritic control; (C) Dexamethasone (representative); (D–F) 50–500 mg/kg HFE prophylactic; (G–I) 50–500 mg/kg HFE therapeutic