Fig. 3

Serum urea levels (mg/dl) in the study groups (n = 6 in each group). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. A Serum urea levels in before and after AKI groups in non-exercised and exercised animals. ^***p <0.001 vs. before AKI group in non-exercised or exercised rats. ^{^^^}p <0.001 vs. after AKI group in non-exercised rats. B Serum urea levels in exercised groups. ^***p <0.001 vs. Ctrl group before the injury. ^††p <0.01 vs. Ctrl group after the injury. ^†p <0.05 vs. Ctrl group after the injury. ^###p <0.001 vs. CR group after the injury. AKI: Acute kidney injury, Ctrl: Control, CR: Caloric restriction: TR: Time restriction