Fig. 1

Plasma PVT1 was downregulated in CHF and further downregulated in CHF + CKD. PVT1 levels in plasma samples collected from the control group (n = 50), CHF group (n = 100), and CHF + CKD group (n = 50) were measured by RT-qPCR. PTV1 expression levels in plasma samples from the three groups of patients were expressed as the mean values of three technical replicates. Data were compared by unpaired t test. ** p < 0.01