Table 1 Summary of Il-10 main functions in immune response

B cells

Enhancement of proliferation and activation [18]

Stimulation B cell differentiation into plasma cells [16]

Induction of class switch to IgA, IgE, IgG1 and IgG3 and antibody production [16]

CD4⁺ T cells

Suppression of proliferation and activation [19]

CD8⁺ T cells

Stimulation of proliferation and cytotoxic activity [19]

Dendritic cells

Interference in the maturation process of DCs [16]

Downregulation of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 expression [8, 16]

Inhibition of Il-12 production [16]

NK cells

Stimulation of proliferation and cytotoxic activity [19]

Macrophages

Downregulation MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 expression [16]

Suppression of NO generation [16] and production of proinflammatory cytokines Il-1, Il-6, TNFα, and Il-12 [19]

Inhibition of autophagy induction [16]