Table 1 Some studies related to anti-angiogenic properties of melatonin

HUVECs-human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y co-culture in a paracrine and juxtacrine manner

In vitro

Paracrine VEGF↓, Tubulogenesis↓, Migration of HUVECs↓

[52]

Combined effect of ionizing radiation and melatonin on HUVECs and MCF-7

In vivo and in vitro

VEGF↓, ANG-1↓, and -2↓ , HUVECs survival↓, Migration↓, Tubulogenesis↓, Estrogen biosynthesis↓, VE-cadherin↓, Chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assay↓

[53]

Effect of Melatonin on VEGF-exposed HUVECs

In vitro

VEGFR-2 phosphorylation↓, PLCγ1 phosphorylation↓, pAkt/Akt ratio↓, p-eNOS/eNOS ratio↓,

[54]

Effect of melatonin on Dalton’s lymphoma angiogenesis potential

In vitro and in vivo

Dalton’s lymphoma-induced endothelial cells proliferation↓, Migration↓, Chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis↓, Mouse mesentery peri-vascularization↓, TIMP3↑, VEGF↓, VEGFR↓, FGF↓

[55]

Effect of melatonin on hypoxic PC-3 prostate cancer cells

In vitro

miRNA3195↑ and miRNA374b↑, HIF-1α↓, HIF-2α↓, VEGF↓,

[56]

Effect of melatonin on tumor cells under normal condition

In vitro

phospho-STAT3↓ and CBP/p300↓, VEGFR2↓, HIF-1α↓

[57]

Effect of melatonin on hypoxic HepG2 hepatic cancer cells

In vitro

p-STAT3/STAT3↓, HIF-1α↓, VEGF↓, CBP/p300↓,Tubulogenesis↓,

[58]

Effect of melatonin on SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells

In vivo and in vitro

VEGF secretion↓, RZR/RORγ↓, SUMO-specific protease↓, HIF-1α↓

[59]

Combined effect of Melatonin and Docetaxel and Vinorelbine on angiogenesis

In vitro and in vivo

VEGF-B↓, VEGF-C↓, VEGFR-1↓, VEGFR-3↓, ANG1↓, ANG-2↓, VE-cadherin↓, Chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis↓

[60]

Effect of melatonin on angiogenesis potential of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells

In vivo and in vitro

miR-152-3p↑, IGFR↓, VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓

[61]