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Table 1 List of HIF-1α inhibitors [71]

From: Hypoxia: A key feature of COVID-19 launching activation of HIF-1 and cytokine storm

HIF-1α inhibitors

Target

Mechanism of inhibition

Pharmacological use

Aminoflavone, EZN-2698

HIF-1α mRNA

HIF-1α mRNA expression

Therapeutic agents for breast cancer and advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Topotecan, EZN-2208, SN38, Irinotecan

Topoisomerase I

HIF-1α translation

They are used to treat cancer of the ovaries and lymphoma

Temsirolimus, Everolimus, Sirolimus

mTOR

They are used in breast cancer metastatic renal cell carcinoma treatment

LY294002, Wortmannin

PI3K

They are used to inhibit the solid tumors progression including breast cancer

Digoxin, Ouabain Proscillaridin

HIF-1α protein

Therapeutic agents for congestive heart failure

2ME2, ENDM-1198, ENMD-1200, ENMD-1237

Microtubules (disruption)

Antimetastatic agents

Radicicol, KF58333 SCH66336, Apigenin Hsp90 GA, 17-AAG, 17AG, 17-DMAG

Hsp90

HIF-1α stabilization

Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents

LW6

HDAC/VHL

Treatment and prevention of cancer

Acriflavin

PAS-B

HIF-1α dimerization

Antiseptic & Anti-Bacterial agent

Echinomycin

5ˊ-CGTG-3ˊ

HIF-1/DNA binding

Antibiotic agent

Doxorubicin, Danuorubicin

HRE

Anticancer agents

Chetomin

CH1domain of p300

HIF-1 transcriptional activity

Antimicrobial agents with enhancing radiotherapy effect

Bortezomib

C-TAD of HIF-1α and Asn803 of FIH

Anti-cancer agent for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma

YC −1, PX-478

HIF-1protein/FIH

HIF-1α at multiple levels

Anti-cancer agents