Compounds | Functions | anti-atherosclerotic effects | References |
---|---|---|---|
Everolimus | An mTOR inhibitor, autophagy inducer, | depletion of plaque macrophages, improvement of cholesterol efflux, lowering systemic and local inflammation, inhibiting intra-plaque neovascularization, enhance plaque stability, reduce intimal thickening | |
Resveratrol | An mTOR inhibitor, autophagy inducer, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory element, | facilitated the efferocytosis of apoptotic cells, decrease of atherosclerotic size and density of plaque, reducing layer thickness, inhibition of age related changes | |
Berberine | activation of the AMPK/mTOR, autophagy inducer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-microbial | inhibit inflammatory reactions, | |
Î’-arrestins | autophagy inducer, | reduce neointimal hyperplasia | |
CB2R agonists | autophagy inducer, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, | Inhibition of inflammatory response | |
statins | mTOR inhibitor, autophagy inducer, anti-inflammatory properties | improvement of EC function, plaque stabilization | [72] |
Metformin | stimulation of AMPK, autophagy inducer, anti-inflammatory function, | decrease vascular problems, suppresses vascular senility |