Fig. 1

Theophylline increases HDAC2 activity and attenuates LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Mouse primary peritoneal macrophages cells were pretreated with theophylline (TH) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS for 1 h. Theophylline increased cell viability (a), and enhanced HDAC2 activity (b) of peritoneal macrophages in the control and LPS-treated groups. Theophylline inhibited TNF secretion in the control and LPS-treated groups (c), and significantly repressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of PAI-1 (d), TNF (e), and MIP-2 (f) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Data are expressed as the mean relative expression ± SEM and are representative of at least three independent experiments. For all figures, * indicates p < 0.05; **,p < 0.01; ***,p < 0.001 in paired t test. # indicates p < 0.05; ##, p < 0.01; ###, p < 0.00.1 in ANOVA test