Fig. 4
From: Interleukin-35 on B cell and T cell induction and regulation
a B cell–derived IL-35 can suppress T-cell and monocytic responses. IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β induce the Treg cell population. b Breg cells activate Treg cells through IL-10 production and B7 costimulatory molecules. Activated Treg cells release IL-10, suppresses the autoreactive Th1response in patients with EAE. IL-10– and TGF-β–producing Breg cells can suppress T-cell responses. c A subset of Breg cells also acquires the ability to produce IL-10. Breg cells from the tumor bed support Treg expansion in vitro and in vivo, suppress T cell proliferation in vitro, suppress IFN-γ production and inhibit CD8+ cytolytic T cell activity. These B regulatory properties inhibit the anti-tumor response and lead to enhanced tumor growth