| | TNFα | IL-1β | IL-6 |
|---|
Sham | 0.94 ± 0.25a
| 10.54 ± 3.7a
| 0.78 ± 0.20a
|
ISS | 0.34 ± 0.3a
| 4.1 ± 0.7a
| 0.62 ± 0.03a
|
VNS | 0.06 ± 0.06a
| 7.4 ± 3.8a
| 0.28 ± 0.06a
|
††LPS | 3.7 ± 0.38b
| 184 ± 1.87b
| 22.3 ± 0.72b
|
†LPS + VNS | 1.47 ± 0.04a
| 20.4 ± 1.55a
| 1.19 ± 0.08a
|
- Mean ± SEM of brain cytokine levels in groups of five C57BL/6 male mice each († one and †† two mice dead after LPS injection). VNS and LPS + VNS reported levels of central cytokines 24 h after VNS treatment in mice injected or not with LPS 3 days before (Fig. 2b). Different literals indicate significant differences in each cytokine level between the different treatments using the Kruskal-Wallis test (non- parametric ANOVA), TNFα (P = 0.025), IL-1β (P = 0.004), IL-6 (P = 0.005). Data are from one out of four experiments
