Figure 3

GW9662 induces M2c-like cells that upregulate MerTK and its ligand Gas6. (A-C) Healthy monocytes were cultured in serum-free medium in the absence of cytokines or growth factors (M0 differentiation), with or without the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (2.5-10 μM), for 4 days; when specified, the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone (1 μM) was added. Expression of MerTK, CD163 and CD16 was measured by flow cytometry. (D-E) Gas6 production levels were quantified by ELISA in culture medium, upon incubation with or without GW9662 (2.5-10 μM) of otherwise untreated cells (M0 conditions), LPS (50 ng/ml; M1 conditions) or IL-4 (20 ng/ml; M2a conditions) exposed cells. (A-E) Pooled data are represented as mean values ± SEM. Analysis was performed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. When not specified by additional graphic signs, statistical annotations (asterisks) refer to comparisons with respect to the relative GW9662 untreated control group. Each set of data is representative of three independent experiments.