Figure 4From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Valproic acid attenuates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin through a chemokine ligand 5 dependent mechanism and subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model Level of expressed RANTES in the SAH rats receiving VPA treatment (western blotting). Lower panel: left column bar graph revealed the adhesion molecules level in the 48 h after the induction of SAH; right column revealed the RANTES activation was late-onset inflammatory reaction, which was significantly reduced in the 40 mg/kg/day VPA treatment by the end of double shot SAH study. All groups are identical to those shown in the legend of Figure 3. Data are showed as mean ± SD. (*: P < 0.01, and #, ##,###: P > 0.01).Back to article page