Figure 4

Sodium casein-derived peptides attenuate the TNF-α-induced production of pro-inflammatory chemokines in EC. (A) Gene expression levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 were measured in EC treated with casein hydrolysate or control sample for 18 h, followed by 6 h stimulation with TNF-α (0.5 ng/ml). Cells were harvested in RLT buffer, RNA was extracted and reverse transcription was performed for RT-PCR analysis. (B) The media from EC treated with the casein hydrolysate and activated with TNF-α was assayed to measure MCP-1 and IL-8 concentration by ELISA. Each experiment was carried out independently three times. Data were calculated as mean +/− SEM of 3 independent experiments and reported as percentage of control (TNF-α activated EC). Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA employing Dunnett correction for multiple comparisons. A statistical value of *P < 0.05 or greater was considered significant; $$$$ (p < 0.0001) vehicle vs control; ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05 treatments vs control (TNF-α activated EC).