Figure 5

Activation of CD4⁺(a, b) and CD8⁺T cells (c) by L. acidophilus expressing LTA. After treatment of mice with PBS, NCK2031, NCK56, or NCK2025, lymphocytes were isolated from MLNs and spleens (not shown) after 1, 3 or 7 days and stained with live/dead, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD44. Cells were fixed, permeabilized and intracellularly stained with TNFα, IFNγ and analyzed by FACSCanto II. Dead cells and doubles were excluded from analyses. Experiments were repeated at least three times with similar outcomes. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05 indicates statistically significant differences between the study groups.