Skip to main content

Table 1 LPS-induced changes in cellular amino acid metabolites

From: A new metabolomic assay to examine inflammation and redox pathways following LPS challenge

Metabolite

Controla (nmol/mg protein)

LPSb (nmol/mg protein)

% CHANGEc from Control

Pathwayd

Sige

Cit

0.2 ± 0.02

10.3 ± 1.8

5050.0

Arg Met

< 0.0001

Orn

0.7 ± 0.3

5.78 ± 0.8

752.9

Arg Met

< 0.0001

Put

1.2 ± 0.2

7.5 ± 2.4

525.0

Arg Met

< 0.0001

Cys

2.1 ± 0.7

6.2 ± 1.7

195.2

SAA Met

< 0.01

Gln

6.2 ± 0.5

16.1 ± 0.5

159.7

Arg Met

< 0.01

Ile+Leu

1.3 ± 0.2

3.3 ± 0.8

153.8

BCAA

< 0.05

Phe

0.6 ± 0.6

1.0 ± 0.3

66.7

EAA

< 0.05

Hcy

0.03 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.02

66.7

SAA Met

< 0.05

Ser

1.6 ± 0.2

2.2 ± 0.4

37.5

SAA Met

< 0.05

Met

4.0 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 0.3

35.0

SAA Met

< 0.05

GSSG

0.4 ± 0.1

0.5 ± 0.1

25.0

SAA Met

< 0.05

Asn

2.3 ± 0.3

2.6 ± 0.5

13.0

  

Pro

5.4 ± 1.6

6.0 ± 1.3

11.1

  

Lys

13.23 ± 2.85

14.61 ± 4.34

10.4

  

Ala

3.3 ± 0.8

3.6 ± 0.34

9.1

  

His

1.5 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.2

6.7

  

Spd

13.3 ± 2.1

13.7 ± 2.3

3.0

  

Trp

0.4 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

0.0

  

Tyr

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.24

0.0

  

Val

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.2

0.0

  

SAM

0.2 ± 0.04

2.2 ± 0.2

−7.1

  

Thr

9.2 ± 2.5

8.3 ± 1.9

−9.8

  

GSH

46.8 ± 2.4

37 ± 4.9

−20.9

SAA Met

< 0.05

Glu

37.5 ± 3.8

24.9 ± 5.2

−33.6

SAA Met

< 0.05

Gly

25.4 ± 1.0

16.0 ± 1.1

−37.0

SAA Met

< 0.05

SAH

0.2 ± 0.03

0.1 ± 0.02

−50.0

SAA Met

< 0.01

Spm

23.8 ± 1.5

8.23 ± 6.2

−65.4

Arg Met

< 0.01

Arg

3.2 ± 0.13

1.1 ± 0.11

−65.6

Arg Met

< 0.0001

Asp

57.8 ± 13.8

15.8 ± 4.0

−72.7

Arg Met

< 0.0001

  1. RAW macrophage cells (2 × 106) were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 1 μg/ml LPS (LPS) for 24 hrs. Cellular metabolites were extracted and analyzed as described in Methods. a,b - Metabolites quantified and their corresponding concentrations are listed. Values presented are averages from 5 experiments (mean ± SD). c- % change for each of the metabolites in LPS treated cells from control cultures are listed. d- Metabolic pathways for metabolites that were significantly altered by LPS are listed. e- * denotes statistical significance of the differences detected.
  2. Abbreviations: Alanine – Ala; Arginine – Arg; Arginine metabolism - Arg Met; Asparagine – Asn; Aspartate – Asp; Branched Chain Amino Acids - BCAA Citrulline – Cit; Cysteine – Cys; Essential Amino Acids - EAA Glutamate – Glu; Glutamine – Gln; Glutathione – GSH; Glutathione disulfide – GSSG; Glycine – Gly; Histidine – His; Homocysteine – Hcy; Isoleucine +Leucine – Ile-Leu; Lysine – Lys; Methionine – Met; Ornithine – Orn; Proline - Pro; Putrescine – Put; Phenylalanine – Phe; Sulfur Amino Acid Metabolism - SAA Met; S-adenosylmethionine – SAM; S-adenosylhomocysteine – SAH; Serine – Ser; Spermidine – Spd; Spermine – Spm; Threonine – Thr; Tryptophan – Trp; Tyrosine – Tyr; Valine – Val.