Figure 4
From: A new metabolomic assay to examine inflammation and redox pathways following LPS challenge
Shifts in the macrophage CO/AA ratio temporally precede changes in other amino acid metabolites and total media NOx levels. Temporal changes in the CO/AA ratio were plotted against other metabolic indices of macrophage activation. Briefly, RAW cells (2 × 106 cells) were either left untreated or treated with 10 ng/ml LPS for 2, 4 or 6 hrs. At each time point, cells were harvested and metabolites (mean ± SD; N = 6) were quantified as described in Methods. Panel A shows time-dependent changes in the ratios of CO/AA and GSH/GSSG, and total media nitrate/nitrite concentrations (NOx). * denotes statistical significance ( P <0.05).