Figure 1From: Innate immunity and monocyte-macrophage activation in atherosclerosisMacrophages have classically been described as M1 and M2. These two phenotypes differ substantially with respect to the expression of macrophage associated genes. More recently, Kadl et al have described a new subset termed MOX macrophages [36]. These are induced by an environment rich in structurally defined oxidation products such as oxidised 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-3-phosphorylcholine (oxPAPC) and can be induced from an M1 or M2 phenotype. ARE, antioxidant responsive elements; ARG1, arginase 1; CCL, chemokine ligand; COX2, cyclo-oxygenase 2; CXCL, chemokine CXC motif ligand; FIZZ1, found in inflammatory zone 1; GR, galactose receptor; HO1, heme-oxygenase 1; IL, interleukin; IL1ra; interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; ILR2, interleukin 1 receptor type II, decoy receptor; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; SR, scavenger receptor; Ym1, chitinase 3-like 3 lectin.Back to article page