Journal of Inflammation

Table 1 The effect of lupeol acetate (LA) on pain behavior in the formalin test

From: Anti-inflammatory effects and possible mechanism of action of lupeol acetate isolated from Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel

Group	Paw licking (s)
	1^st phase	Inhibition	2^nd phase	Inhibition
Control	64.0 ± 2.9	-	32.6 ± 3.9	-
Morphine
(7.5 mg/kg, i.p.)	23.8 ± 2.8^a	62.8	2.9 ± 1.6^a	91.1
LA (mg/kg, i.p.)
10	55.8 ± 3.6	12.8	41.2 ± 5.3	-
25	50.3 ± 4.7^a	21.4	13.8 ± 3.9^a	57.6
50	36.1 ± 2.2^a	46.5	12.6 ± 2,2^a	61.3
Morphine + Naloxone
(7.5 + 2 mg/kg, i.p.) LA + Naloxone	51.5 ± 5.3^b	19.5	29.1 ± 2.4^b	10.7
(50 + 2 mg/kg, i.p.)	56.4 ± 2.0^c	11.9	29.1 ± 2.5^c	10.7

Pain response was recorded between 0-5 (1^st phase) and 20-25 min (2^nd phase). LA was administered 30 min before formalin. a. vs. control; b. vs. morphine; c. vs. LA 50, at p < 0.05 (ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls as the post hoc test).

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