Table 1 Patient characteristics.
No. Patients | 220 |
|---|---|
Age (years) | 65.0 ± 17.1 |
Male:Female (%) | 54.1:45.9 |
Time from ED arrival to enrollment (hours) | 1.6 ± 2.1 |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 13.9 ± 16.6 |
Vital signs and hemodynamic variables | Â |
   Temperature (°C) | 36.3 ± 2.8 |
   Heart rate (beats per min) | 117.1 ± 30.1 |
   Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 107.5 ± 36.2 |
   Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 74.8 ± 25.7 |
   Shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) | 1.2 ± 0.5 |
   Respiratory rate (breaths per min) | 31.5 ± 11.1 |
   CVP (mm Hg) | 5.1 ± 8.5 |
   ScvO2 (%) | 49.2 ± 12.6 |
Laboratories | |
   White blood cells (×103 per mm3) | 14.0 ± 9.0 |
   Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4 ± 2.7 |
   Platelets (×103 per μL) | 211.5 ± 122.0 |
   Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.9 ± 2.0 |
   Glucose (mg/dL) | 259.4 ± 327.8 |
   Anion gap (mEq/L) | 21.5 ± 8.0 |
   Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.5 ± 2.1 |
   Albumin (g/dL) | 2.8 ± 0.7 |
   Lactate (mmol/L) | 7.4 ± 4.6 |
   Lactate clearance (%) | 35.5 ± 43.1 |
Septic shock (%) | 55.0 |
Culture positive (%) | 65.6 |
Blood culture positive (%) | 37.1 |
Organ dysfunction scores | |
   APACHE II | 21.5 ± 7.0 |
   SAPS II | 49.8 ± 11.0 |
   MODS | 7.6 ± 3.1 |
   SOFA | 6.5 ± 2.9 |
Source of infection (%) | Â |
   Pneumonia | 39.5 |
   Urinary tract infection | 13.2 |
   Intra-abdominal | 4.1 |
   Other | 43.2 |
Comorbidities (%) | |
   Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16.4 |
   Chronic renal insufficiency | 20.9 |
   Congestive heart failure | 30.9 |
   Coronary artery disease | 22.7 |
   Diabetes mellitus | 30.5 |
   Hypertension | 67.3 |
   Liver disease | 21.4 |
Outcome (%) | |
   In-hospital mortality | 35.0 |
   28-day mortality | 36.4 |
   60-day mortality | 42.7 |