Figure 3

The effect of phenytoin, HPPH and LPS on levels of (A) TNF-α and (B) IL-6 in conditioned medium from macrophage cultures. Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (n = 6 independent cultures) were pretreated with phenytoin or HPPH (15 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) for 1 hour prior to challenge with 100 ng/mL A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 measured in conditioned media after 24 hours by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF-α, tumor necrosis-alpha; IL, interleukin; CON, control; PHT, phenytoin; HPPH, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl-), 5-phenylhydantoin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide. Compared to CON, # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, compared to LPS, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Student t-test, n = 6 independent donors.