Figure 3

Effect of RIAA on the inhibition of inflammatory markers. (A) RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with vehicle or RIAA (1, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) for 1 h and subsequently stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) overnight. Nitrite/nitrate levels were measured in the medium and expressed as % activity over LPS stimulation. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6). (B) RAW cells were pretreated with vehicle or RIAA (1, 5 and 10 μg/ml) overnight and stimulated with RANKL (50 ng/ml) for transformation to osteoclasts for 5 days. TRAP activity was measured in the cell lysate and expressed as % activity over RANKL stimulation. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 6). (C) SW1353 cells were incubated with vehicle or RIAA (1, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml) for 1 h and stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 20–24 h. MMP-13 levels were measured in the medium and expressed as % activity over TNF-α stimulation. Data represent mean ± SEM (n = 5). *a significant difference (P < 0.05) in % activity compared to the respective positive control after Dunnett post-hoc adjustment. (D) Protocol same as (C) except IL-1β (10 ng/ml) was used instead of TNF-α. Data shown is that of a single experiment.