Figure 5

The effects of TMP on cytokine production measured by ELISA. RAW 264.7 cells were left untreated (Media), or treated with either 1 μg/ml LPS and/or 25 μM TMP for 16 h. Culture supernatants were then analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α (A), MCP-1 (B), RANTES (C), or IL-12/23 p40 (D). All samples were assayed in duplicate and values shown are means ± SEM from 2–3 independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments with LPS alone vs. LPS with TMP (p < 0.05, Student's t-test).