Table 2 TLR ligands set for functional assays

Pam₃CSK_4.3HCl

Synthetic tripalmitoylated lipopeptide, an analog of the immunologically active N-terminal portion of bacterial lipoprotein

< 0.01 EU/μg

TLR1/2

TLR Ligands Set I (Apotech®, Switzerland)

Poly(I:C)

Synthetic mimetic of viral double-stranded RNA

< 0.01 EU/μg

TLR3

Flagellin

Isolated from Salmonella typhimurium strain 14028; highly conserved molecules among gram negative and gram positive bacteria, especially in 170 N-terminal and 100 C-terminal amino acid

< 0.1 EU/μg

TLR5

MALP-2

Synthetic macrophage-activating lipopetides-2 isolated from Mycoplasma fermentans

< 0.01 EU/μg

TLR2/6

Poly(U)

Synthetic analog of single-stranded RNA

< 0.1 EU/μg

TLR7/8

CpG ODN2395

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated deoxycytosine-deoxyguanosine (CpG) motif, mimicking the effects of bacterial DNA

< 0.1 EU/μg

TLR9

LPS (O111:B4)

Extracted from Escherichia coli serotype O111:B4 and purified by ion exchange

-

TLR4

Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO